The main types of water pumps can be divided into vane pumps, positive displacement pumps and other special types according to their working principles, among which centrifugal pumps, axial flow pumps and screw pumps are the most widely used core categories.
I. Classification by working principle
Vane pump
Centrifugal pump: Uses the rotation of the impeller to generate centrifugal force to transport liquids, suitable for medium and high head, small and medium flow scenarios (such as water supply, air conditioning system).
Axial flow pump: The liquid flows along the axial direction, suitable for large flow, low head scenarios (such as farmland drainage, water conservancy projects).
Mixed flow pump: Combining the characteristics of centrifugal pumps and axial flow pumps, suitable for medium flow/head (such as urban water supply and drainage).
Vortex pump: Pressurized by vortex motion, high head but low efficiency, suitable for small flow and high pressure liquids (such as petrochemicals).
Positive displacement pump
Reciprocating pump/plunger pump: Pressurized by reciprocating motion of the piston, suitable for high pressure, high viscosity liquids (such as oil pressure systems, metering and transportation).
Gear pump: relies on gear meshing to transport liquid, with a simple structure but large pulsation (such as lubricating oil transportation).
Screw pump: The spiral structure achieves smooth transportation, suitable for high-viscosity or particle-containing liquids (such as chemical and food industries).
Other types
Jet pump: uses high-speed fluid to eject liquid, has no moving parts but low efficiency (such as vacuum suction).
Air diaphragm pump: pneumatically driven diaphragm, strong corrosion resistance (such as chemical transportation).
2. Classification by application scenario
Self-priming pump: can be started without filling with water, suitable for shallow liquid extraction (such as household water supply, irrigation).
Submersible pump: works completely immersed in liquid, used for groundwater extraction or sewage treatment.
Deep well pump: specially designed for deep well water extraction, the structure adapts to narrow and long spaces.
Multi-stage centrifugal pump: multiple impellers are connected in series to achieve high-pressure transportation (such as boiler feed water). 3. Selection suggestions
Flow and head: Centrifugal pumps are suitable for medium and high heads, axial flow pumps are suitable for large flow and low heads, and mixed flow pumps are a compromise.
Liquid properties: For high viscosity, choose a positive displacement pump (such as a screw pump), and for particles, choose a submersible pump or a vortex pump.
Special needs: Self-priming pumps simplify the startup process, and jet pumps are suitable for corrosive liquids.
By combining the working principle and actual scenario, you can more accurately select the pump model and application solution.